Global Issues - An Introduction
von: Kristen A. Hite, John L. Seitz
Wiley-Blackwell, 2020
ISBN: 9781119538523
Sprache: Englisch
397 Seiten, Download: 11741 KB
Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen
geeignet für:
Typ: A (einfacher Zugriff)
| Cover | 1 | ||
| Title Page | 5 | ||
| Copyright Page | 6 | ||
| Contents | 9 | ||
| List of Plates | 15 | ||
| List of Figures, Maps, and Tables | 17 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 21 | ||
| Introduction | 23 | ||
| The Creation of Global Issues | 23 | ||
| Chapter 1 What is Development? | 25 | ||
| Developing Toward What? | 25 | ||
| Twentieth-Century Approach: Development as Economic Growth | 26 | ||
| Twenty-First-Century Approach: Developing towards Sustainability | 28 | ||
| Wave of Hope: The Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015) | 29 | ||
| Sustainable Development Goals (2015–2030) | 30 | ||
| Development Assistance and Foreign Aid | 32 | ||
| Culture and Development | 36 | ||
| Conclusion | 38 | ||
| Notes | 40 | ||
| Further Reading | 41 | ||
| Chapter 2 Wealth and Poverty1 | 43 | ||
| Can We Eradicate Poverty? | 45 | ||
| Mainstreaming Sustainable Development | 49 | ||
| A Pessimistic View: The Persistence of Poverty | 51 | ||
| Systematic Approaches | 55 | ||
| A Market Approach | 55 | ||
| The State as Economic Actor | 58 | ||
| A Blended Approach | 62 | ||
| Trade and Global Economic Interdependence | 63 | ||
| Global Interdependence | 65 | ||
| Positive aspects | 65 | ||
| Negative aspects | 66 | ||
| Geography and Wealth, Geography and Poverty | 67 | ||
| Conclusions | 68 | ||
| Notes | 70 | ||
| Further Reading | 74 | ||
| Chapter 3 Population | 77 | ||
| The Changing Population of the World | 78 | ||
| Shifting Demographics: Rural to Urban | 83 | ||
| Causes of the Population Explosion | 89 | ||
| Demographic transitions: population and development | 90 | ||
| How Population Growth Affects Development | 96 | ||
| Rapid growth | 96 | ||
| Slow growth | 98 | ||
| An aging population and low birth rates | 98 | ||
| How Development Affects Population Growth | 101 | ||
| Factors lowering birth rates | 102 | ||
| International Conferences on Population | 104 | ||
| Governmental Population Policies | 106 | ||
| Managing growth | 106 | ||
| Promoting growth | 111 | ||
| The Future | 114 | ||
| The growth of the world’s population | 114 | ||
| The carrying capacity of the Earth | 114 | ||
| “Optimum” size of the Earth’s population | 116 | ||
| Population-related challenges in our future | 118 | ||
| Conclusions | 120 | ||
| Notes | 121 | ||
| Further Reading | 127 | ||
| Chapter 4 Food1 | 130 | ||
| How Many Are Hungry? | 131 | ||
| World Food Production | 132 | ||
| Arable land | 133 | ||
| Climate | 134 | ||
| How Development Affects Food | 135 | ||
| United States: industrial agriculture and farm consolidation | 136 | ||
| Brazil: Becoming a Food Exporter by Expanding the Agricultural Frontier | 138 | ||
| China: Limited Land to Grow, Many Mouths to Feed | 138 | ||
| Feeding a Growing Population | 140 | ||
| The “Green” Revolution | 141 | ||
| Biotechnology | 144 | ||
| Fishing and aquaculture | 147 | ||
| Traditional/sustainable/organic agriculture | 148 | ||
| Causes of World Hunger | 150 | ||
| How Food Affects Development | 154 | ||
| The type of food | 156 | ||
| What’s your Footprint? | 160 | ||
| Food Waste and Food Loss | 161 | ||
| The Future | 162 | ||
| Governmental Food Policies | 163 | ||
| Future Food Supplies | 165 | ||
| Conclusions | 167 | ||
| Notes | 168 | ||
| Further Reading | 178 | ||
| Chapter 5 Energy1 | 180 | ||
| The Relationship between Energy Use and Development | 181 | ||
| Nonrenewable Energy Sources | 183 | ||
| Oil | 184 | ||
| Global Oil Supplies and Price Shocks | 185 | ||
| Coal | 187 | ||
| Natural Gas | 188 | ||
| The Energy Transition | 189 | ||
| Renewable energy sources | 191 | ||
| Solar Power | 191 | ||
| Wind | 193 | ||
| Hydroelectric Power | 194 | ||
| Wood, Agricultural/Forestry Residues, and Animal Dung | 195 | ||
| Geothermal Energy | 196 | ||
| Hydrogen-Powered Fuel Cells | 197 | ||
| Energy and Development: Critical Challenges and Opportunities | 198 | ||
| National Approaches to Energy and Development | 199 | ||
| The Decoupling of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth | 207 | ||
| Conservation/Energy Efficiency | 208 | ||
| Nuclear Power: A Case Study | 210 | ||
| The potential and the peril | 210 | ||
| The choice | 214 | ||
| Conclusions | 217 | ||
| Notes | 218 | ||
| Further Reading | 223 | ||
| Chapter 6 Climate Change | 225 | ||
| An Unprecedented Global Challenge | 226 | ||
| How Increased Temperatures Impact the Earth | 228 | ||
| Regional impacts | 228 | ||
| Types of impacts | 231 | ||
| How Bad Will It Get? | 235 | ||
| Planet at a crossroads: high stakes choices | 237 | ||
| Air pollution | 237 | ||
| Uncertainties | 238 | ||
| Global Agreement for a Global Problem | 239 | ||
| What More Can Be Done? | 240 | ||
| Conclusion | 243 | ||
| Notes | 243 | ||
| Further Reading | 245 | ||
| Chapter 7 The Environment: Natural Resources1 | 247 | ||
| The Awakening | 247 | ||
| Water | 250 | ||
| Land | 251 | ||
| Minerals | 251 | ||
| Deforestation | 252 | ||
| Governing the commons | 257 | ||
| The Extinction of Species | 258 | ||
| Responsible Use | 262 | ||
| Resource efficiency | 262 | ||
| Recycling | 263 | ||
| Substitution | 265 | ||
| Reducing needs | 265 | ||
| Conclusion | 266 | ||
| Notes | 266 | ||
| Recommended Readings | 270 | ||
| Chapter 8 The Environment: Pollution1 | 271 | ||
| Air Pollution | 272 | ||
| Acid rain | 276 | ||
| Ozone depletion | 280 | ||
| Climate change (global warming) | 282 | ||
| Water Pollution | 283 | ||
| The Workplace and the Home | 285 | ||
| Cancer | 285 | ||
| Chemicals | 286 | ||
| Pesticides | 287 | ||
| Managing Waste | 289 | ||
| Solid wastes | 289 | ||
| Toxic wastes | 291 | ||
| Governmental and industrial responses to the waste problem | 292 | ||
| Environmental Politics | 293 | ||
| Conclusion | 296 | ||
| Notes | 297 | ||
| Further Reading | 304 | ||
| Chapter 9 Technology1 | 305 | ||
| Benefits of Technology | 306 | ||
| Unanticipated Consequences of the Use of Technology | 307 | ||
| DDT | 309 | ||
| Factory farms | 310 | ||
| Inappropriate Uses of Technology | 311 | ||
| Limits to the “Technological Fix” | 316 | ||
| War | 318 | ||
| The Threat of Nuclear Weapons: A Case Study | 320 | ||
| The threat | 320 | ||
| New dangers | 323 | ||
| Conclusions | 326 | ||
| Notes | 327 | ||
| Further Reading | 330 | ||
| Chapter 10 Alternative Futures1 | 332 | ||
| Development Pathways: Evaluating Our Current Situation | 333 | ||
| Current Outlook: Business as Usual | 334 | ||
| Collapse and Sustainable Development | 336 | ||
| Choices | 340 | ||
| Improve production | 340 | ||
| Reduce demand | 341 | ||
| Governance: Deciding How to Act on the Choices We Make | 342 | ||
| Conclusion | 346 | ||
| Notes | 348 | ||
| Further Reading | 352 | ||
| Appendix 1 Studying and Teaching Global Issues | 354 | ||
| For the Student | 354 | ||
| What is Development? | 354 | ||
| Wealth and Poverty | 354 | ||
| Population | 355 | ||
| Food | 355 | ||
| Energy | 356 | ||
| Climate | 356 | ||
| The Environment | 356 | ||
| Technology | 357 | ||
| Alternative Futures | 357 | ||
| For the Teacher | 358 | ||
| The problem | 358 | ||
| A solution: perspectives from decades of teaching this course | 358 | ||
| by John L. Seitz | 358 | ||
| Teaching techniques | 359 | ||
| Student comments | 360 | ||
| Notes | 361 | ||
| Appendix 2 Relevant Videos | 362 | ||
| Glossary | 371 | ||
| Index | 377 | ||
| EULA | 397 |
