Global Issues - An Introduction
von: Kristen A. Hite, John L. Seitz
Wiley-Blackwell, 2020
ISBN: 9781119538523
Sprache: Englisch
397 Seiten, Download: 11741 KB
Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen
Cover | 1 | ||
Title Page | 5 | ||
Copyright Page | 6 | ||
Contents | 9 | ||
List of Plates | 15 | ||
List of Figures, Maps, and Tables | 17 | ||
Acknowledgements | 21 | ||
Introduction | 23 | ||
The Creation of Global Issues | 23 | ||
Chapter 1 What is Development? | 25 | ||
Developing Toward What? | 25 | ||
Twentieth-Century Approach: Development as Economic Growth | 26 | ||
Twenty-First-Century Approach: Developing towards Sustainability | 28 | ||
Wave of Hope: The Millennium Development Goals (2000–2015) | 29 | ||
Sustainable Development Goals (2015–2030) | 30 | ||
Development Assistance and Foreign Aid | 32 | ||
Culture and Development | 36 | ||
Conclusion | 38 | ||
Notes | 40 | ||
Further Reading | 41 | ||
Chapter 2 Wealth and Poverty1 | 43 | ||
Can We Eradicate Poverty? | 45 | ||
Mainstreaming Sustainable Development | 49 | ||
A Pessimistic View: The Persistence of Poverty | 51 | ||
Systematic Approaches | 55 | ||
A Market Approach | 55 | ||
The State as Economic Actor | 58 | ||
A Blended Approach | 62 | ||
Trade and Global Economic Interdependence | 63 | ||
Global Interdependence | 65 | ||
Positive aspects | 65 | ||
Negative aspects | 66 | ||
Geography and Wealth, Geography and Poverty | 67 | ||
Conclusions | 68 | ||
Notes | 70 | ||
Further Reading | 74 | ||
Chapter 3 Population | 77 | ||
The Changing Population of the World | 78 | ||
Shifting Demographics: Rural to Urban | 83 | ||
Causes of the Population Explosion | 89 | ||
Demographic transitions: population and development | 90 | ||
How Population Growth Affects Development | 96 | ||
Rapid growth | 96 | ||
Slow growth | 98 | ||
An aging population and low birth rates | 98 | ||
How Development Affects Population Growth | 101 | ||
Factors lowering birth rates | 102 | ||
International Conferences on Population | 104 | ||
Governmental Population Policies | 106 | ||
Managing growth | 106 | ||
Promoting growth | 111 | ||
The Future | 114 | ||
The growth of the world’s population | 114 | ||
The carrying capacity of the Earth | 114 | ||
“Optimum” size of the Earth’s population | 116 | ||
Population-related challenges in our future | 118 | ||
Conclusions | 120 | ||
Notes | 121 | ||
Further Reading | 127 | ||
Chapter 4 Food1 | 130 | ||
How Many Are Hungry? | 131 | ||
World Food Production | 132 | ||
Arable land | 133 | ||
Climate | 134 | ||
How Development Affects Food | 135 | ||
United States: industrial agriculture and farm consolidation | 136 | ||
Brazil: Becoming a Food Exporter by Expanding the Agricultural Frontier | 138 | ||
China: Limited Land to Grow, Many Mouths to Feed | 138 | ||
Feeding a Growing Population | 140 | ||
The “Green” Revolution | 141 | ||
Biotechnology | 144 | ||
Fishing and aquaculture | 147 | ||
Traditional/sustainable/organic agriculture | 148 | ||
Causes of World Hunger | 150 | ||
How Food Affects Development | 154 | ||
The type of food | 156 | ||
What’s your Footprint? | 160 | ||
Food Waste and Food Loss | 161 | ||
The Future | 162 | ||
Governmental Food Policies | 163 | ||
Future Food Supplies | 165 | ||
Conclusions | 167 | ||
Notes | 168 | ||
Further Reading | 178 | ||
Chapter 5 Energy1 | 180 | ||
The Relationship between Energy Use and Development | 181 | ||
Nonrenewable Energy Sources | 183 | ||
Oil | 184 | ||
Global Oil Supplies and Price Shocks | 185 | ||
Coal | 187 | ||
Natural Gas | 188 | ||
The Energy Transition | 189 | ||
Renewable energy sources | 191 | ||
Solar Power | 191 | ||
Wind | 193 | ||
Hydroelectric Power | 194 | ||
Wood, Agricultural/Forestry Residues, and Animal Dung | 195 | ||
Geothermal Energy | 196 | ||
Hydrogen-Powered Fuel Cells | 197 | ||
Energy and Development: Critical Challenges and Opportunities | 198 | ||
National Approaches to Energy and Development | 199 | ||
The Decoupling of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth | 207 | ||
Conservation/Energy Efficiency | 208 | ||
Nuclear Power: A Case Study | 210 | ||
The potential and the peril | 210 | ||
The choice | 214 | ||
Conclusions | 217 | ||
Notes | 218 | ||
Further Reading | 223 | ||
Chapter 6 Climate Change | 225 | ||
An Unprecedented Global Challenge | 226 | ||
How Increased Temperatures Impact the Earth | 228 | ||
Regional impacts | 228 | ||
Types of impacts | 231 | ||
How Bad Will It Get? | 235 | ||
Planet at a crossroads: high stakes choices | 237 | ||
Air pollution | 237 | ||
Uncertainties | 238 | ||
Global Agreement for a Global Problem | 239 | ||
What More Can Be Done? | 240 | ||
Conclusion | 243 | ||
Notes | 243 | ||
Further Reading | 245 | ||
Chapter 7 The Environment: Natural Resources1 | 247 | ||
The Awakening | 247 | ||
Water | 250 | ||
Land | 251 | ||
Minerals | 251 | ||
Deforestation | 252 | ||
Governing the commons | 257 | ||
The Extinction of Species | 258 | ||
Responsible Use | 262 | ||
Resource efficiency | 262 | ||
Recycling | 263 | ||
Substitution | 265 | ||
Reducing needs | 265 | ||
Conclusion | 266 | ||
Notes | 266 | ||
Recommended Readings | 270 | ||
Chapter 8 The Environment: Pollution1 | 271 | ||
Air Pollution | 272 | ||
Acid rain | 276 | ||
Ozone depletion | 280 | ||
Climate change (global warming) | 282 | ||
Water Pollution | 283 | ||
The Workplace and the Home | 285 | ||
Cancer | 285 | ||
Chemicals | 286 | ||
Pesticides | 287 | ||
Managing Waste | 289 | ||
Solid wastes | 289 | ||
Toxic wastes | 291 | ||
Governmental and industrial responses to the waste problem | 292 | ||
Environmental Politics | 293 | ||
Conclusion | 296 | ||
Notes | 297 | ||
Further Reading | 304 | ||
Chapter 9 Technology1 | 305 | ||
Benefits of Technology | 306 | ||
Unanticipated Consequences of the Use of Technology | 307 | ||
DDT | 309 | ||
Factory farms | 310 | ||
Inappropriate Uses of Technology | 311 | ||
Limits to the “Technological Fix” | 316 | ||
War | 318 | ||
The Threat of Nuclear Weapons: A Case Study | 320 | ||
The threat | 320 | ||
New dangers | 323 | ||
Conclusions | 326 | ||
Notes | 327 | ||
Further Reading | 330 | ||
Chapter 10 Alternative Futures1 | 332 | ||
Development Pathways: Evaluating Our Current Situation | 333 | ||
Current Outlook: Business as Usual | 334 | ||
Collapse and Sustainable Development | 336 | ||
Choices | 340 | ||
Improve production | 340 | ||
Reduce demand | 341 | ||
Governance: Deciding How to Act on the Choices We Make | 342 | ||
Conclusion | 346 | ||
Notes | 348 | ||
Further Reading | 352 | ||
Appendix 1 Studying and Teaching Global Issues | 354 | ||
For the Student | 354 | ||
What is Development? | 354 | ||
Wealth and Poverty | 354 | ||
Population | 355 | ||
Food | 355 | ||
Energy | 356 | ||
Climate | 356 | ||
The Environment | 356 | ||
Technology | 357 | ||
Alternative Futures | 357 | ||
For the Teacher | 358 | ||
The problem | 358 | ||
A solution: perspectives from decades of teaching this course | 358 | ||
by John L. Seitz | 358 | ||
Teaching techniques | 359 | ||
Student comments | 360 | ||
Notes | 361 | ||
Appendix 2 Relevant Videos | 362 | ||
Glossary | 371 | ||
Index | 377 | ||
EULA | 397 |