Sustainable Development Goals - Harnessing Business to Achieve the SDGs through Finance, Technology and Law Reform
von: Julia Walker, Alma Pekmezovic, Gordon Walker
Wiley, 2019
ISBN: 9781119541806
Sprache: Englisch
432 Seiten, Download: 14600 KB
Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen
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Typ: A (einfacher Zugriff)
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Sustainable Development Goals - Harnessing Business to Achieve the SDGs through Finance, Technology and Law Reform
| Cover | 1 | ||
| Title Page | 7 | ||
| Copyright | 8 | ||
| Contents | 9 | ||
| About the Editors | 19 | ||
| Notes on Contributors | 21 | ||
| Foreword | 31 | ||
| Foreword: Implementation of the SDGs | 33 | ||
| Preface | 37 | ||
| Introduction | 39 | ||
| Part One: Overview and Context | 47 | ||
| Part Two: Where Will the Money Come From? Financing the SDGs | 48 | ||
| Part Three: Technology, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship | 50 | ||
| Part Four: Facilitating the SDGs by Legal Infrastructure Reform | 53 | ||
| Part I Overview and Context | 55 | ||
| 1 The UN and Goal Setting: From the MDGs to the SDGs | 57 | ||
| Introduction | 57 | ||
| What Is Development? | 58 | ||
| Is There a Right to Development? | 60 | ||
| Measuring Economic Development | 60 | ||
| Measuring Non-Economic Aspects of Development | 61 | ||
| The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) | 62 | ||
| Situating the SDGs in the International Legal Framework | 66 | ||
| Theories of Development: Towards a New Theory of Sustainable Development | 67 | ||
| Economic Theories of Development | 68 | ||
| Cultural Theories of Development | 68 | ||
| Geographic Theories of Development | 69 | ||
| Institutional Theories of Development | 70 | ||
| A New Theory of Sustainable Development | 72 | ||
| Measuring Progress Towards the SDGs | 72 | ||
| Conclusions | 73 | ||
| 2 SDGs and the Role of International Financial Institutions | 75 | ||
| Introduction | 75 | ||
| Response and Implementation of the SDGs by IFIs | 76 | ||
| Project Processing and Actions Taken by IFIs to Implement the SDGs, and Responses from Other Development Actors | 82 | ||
| Conclusion and Recommendations for IFIs to Meet SDG Goals and Targets | 86 | ||
| 3 Towards a New Global Narrative for the Sustainable Development Goals | 91 | ||
| Introduction | 91 | ||
| How SMART Are the SDGs? | 93 | ||
| Goals That Stretch | 97 | ||
| Goals That Inspire | 100 | ||
| Sloganising the SDGs | 102 | ||
| Towards a New Global Narrative? | 104 | ||
| Conclusion | 107 | ||
| 4 Overcoming Scarcity: The Paradox of Abundance: Harnessing Digitalisation in Financing Sustainable Development | 109 | ||
| Scarcity: The Paradox of Abundance | 109 | ||
| Financing: A Systemic Challenge | 110 | ||
| Action on System Design | 112 | ||
| Digital Financing of the SDGs | 114 | ||
| Dilemmas: Digitalisation and Dark Financing | 118 | ||
| Sizing the Prize | 120 | ||
| What Next? | 122 | ||
| Concluding Comments | 123 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 124 | ||
| Part II Where Will the Money Come From? Financing the SDGs | 125 | ||
| 5 The New Framework for Financing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs | 127 | ||
| Introduction | 127 | ||
| Sources of Development Finance | 128 | ||
| Domestic Public and Private Sources | 128 | ||
| Domestic Resource Mobilisation (DRM) | 128 | ||
| International Public and Private Finance | 131 | ||
| The Role of International Official Development Assistance (ODA) | 132 | ||
| Private Philanthropy | 133 | ||
| Sovereign Wealth Funds, Pension Funds, Insurance Companies, and Investment Funds | 134 | ||
| Barriers to Greater Private Investment | 135 | ||
| The Role of Private and Blended Finance in Development | 136 | ||
| The Development Impact and Risks of Blended Finance | 138 | ||
| An Overview of Blended Finance Mechanisms | 139 | ||
| Innovative Financing Tools: Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and Development Impact Bonds (DIBs) | 140 | ||
| Best Practices for Engaging the Private Sector | 143 | ||
| Conclusions | 143 | ||
| 6 The Contribution of the International Private Sector to a More Sustainable Future | 145 | ||
| Ready and Able to Invest | 146 | ||
| Commercial and Investment Benefits | 147 | ||
| What Is Needed to Mobilise Private Sector Money? | 148 | ||
| Partnerships for a More Sustainable Future | 150 | ||
| Partnerships to Rationalise Sustainable Investment Markets | 150 | ||
| Partnerships to Democratise Sustainable Investment Markets | 154 | ||
| 7 Re-Orienting the Global Financial System Towards Sustainability | 159 | ||
| Introduction | 159 | ||
| Background | 161 | ||
| The Legal and Regulatory Framework | 163 | ||
| Company Reporting: Sustainability Disclosure Requirements | 166 | ||
| Institutional Investors: Responsible Investing and Investing for Impact | 170 | ||
| Fiduciary Duties of Institutional Investors and Other Financial Intermediaries | 174 | ||
| Fostering Long-Term Sustainability | 178 | ||
| Conclusion | 180 | ||
| 8 How Asset Managers Can Better Align Public Markets Investing with the SDGs | 181 | ||
| Why the SDGs Could Transform Sustainability Investing | 181 | ||
| Implementing the SDGs as an Analytical Framework to Align Investing with the SDGs | 183 | ||
| Objectives of Manulife Investment Management’s Approach to SDG-Aligned Investing | 183 | ||
| SDG Assessment Methodology Overview | 185 | ||
| Investable Themes | 185 | ||
| SDG Alignment Assessment | 188 | ||
| Exclusions | 190 | ||
| Applying the SDG Analytical Framework to the S&P 500 Index | 190 | ||
| The Current State of Corporate Goals with Respect to SDG Impact | 191 | ||
| The Current Opportunity Capture of SDG-Related Profit Opportunities | 194 | ||
| Areas in which Corporate Operational Conduct Is Most Strongly Aligned with SDG Impact | 197 | ||
| What SDG Developments Can We Expect in the Public Markets Investor Community in 2020 and Beyond? | 199 | ||
| SDG-aligned Investing Is Expected to Become Easier | 200 | ||
| Corporate Reporting on the SDGs Will Improve | 201 | ||
| Constructive Dialogue or Engagement with Companies Is Necessary to Achieve the SDGs | 201 | ||
| A Call to Action | 202 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 203 | ||
| Disclaimer | 203 | ||
| 9 The Significance of Sustainable Development Goals for Government Credit Quality | 205 | ||
| Environmental Preservation Influences Credit Quality, Including Through the Impact of Climate Change on Growth and Institutions’ Resilience to It | 206 | ||
| Social Risks Such as Poverty and Inequality Feed into Economic and Institutional Strength | 208 | ||
| Strong Institutions Are Closely Related to Ratings and Ratings Factors | 212 | ||
| SDGs Influence Government Credit Quality Through Different Channels, to Varying Degrees | 214 | ||
| Part III Technology, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship | 215 | ||
| 10 FinTech for Financial Inclusion: Driving Sustainable Growth | 217 | ||
| Introduction | 217 | ||
| Financial Inclusion and Sustainability: Introducing the Long-Term Perspective | 218 | ||
| Financial Inclusion: Why It Matters | 218 | ||
| Two Sides of the Same Coin | 219 | ||
| FinTech as a Tool for the SDGs | 219 | ||
| FT4FI Initiatives | 221 | ||
| Four Pillars of Digital Financial Transformation | 222 | ||
| Experiences and Lessons | 222 | ||
| Financial Inclusion Initiatives Since 2008: G20 | 222 | ||
| Financial Inclusion Initiatives Since 2008: AFI | 223 | ||
| FinTech and Financial Inclusion: The Foundation of Digital Financial Transformation | 223 | ||
| Pillar I: Digital ID and eKYC: Establishing the Foundation | 224 | ||
| Example: The Indian Aadhaar System | 224 | ||
| IrisGuard | 225 | ||
| Regional Approaches: eIDAS in the EU | 226 | ||
| eKYC and KYC Utilities | 226 | ||
| Example 1: South Africa Web-Based KYC Database | 226 | ||
| Example 2: India’s e-KYC System | 226 | ||
| Example 3: eIDAS and eKYC | 227 | ||
| Synthesising the Lessons | 227 | ||
| Pillar II: Open Electronic Payment Systems: Building Connectivity | 227 | ||
| Mobile Money | 228 | ||
| Designing Regulatory Infrastructure for an Open Electronic Payments System | 229 | ||
| Pillar III: Account Opening and Electronic Government Provision of Services: Expanding Usage | 230 | ||
| Electronic Payment: Government Salaries and Transfers | 231 | ||
| Electronic Payment and Provision: Other Core Services | 232 | ||
| Pillar IV: Design of Financial Market Infrastructure and Systems: Enabling New Wider Development | 233 | ||
| Transforming Credit Provision: From Collateral and Microfinance to Cash Flow | 233 | ||
| Adding Insurance and Investments to Savings and Credit | 234 | ||
| M-Akiba | 235 | ||
| Building Better Financial Infrastructure | 236 | ||
| The EU Example: GDPR, PSD2, MiFID2 | 236 | ||
| Developing a Comprehensive Strategy | 236 | ||
| Strategic Approach | 236 | ||
| The Challenge of Technology | 236 | ||
| Regulatory Sandboxes, Piloting, and Test-and-Learn Approaches | 237 | ||
| Balancing Inclusion with Other Regulatory Objectives | 239 | ||
| Designing Regulatory Systems: The Example of Mexico | 239 | ||
| Towards Inclusive and Sustainable Growth | 240 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 241 | ||
| 11 Financing and Self-Financing of SDGs through Financial Technology, Legal, and Fiscal Tools | 243 | ||
| Introduction | 243 | ||
| Self-Sufficient Financing and Achievement of SDGs through Tax Reform | 245 | ||
| Shifting the Tax Burden to Create a Double Dividend | 245 | ||
| Base Erosion and Digital Services Taxation | 246 | ||
| Digitisation of Tax Administration | 247 | ||
| Amendment of the Chicago Convention | 248 | ||
| Self-Sufficient Financing of SDGs through Financial Technology | 250 | ||
| Digitisation of Money | 250 | ||
| Digital Identity | 252 | ||
| Financing SDG 7 and Related Goals through Financial Technology | 253 | ||
| Offsetting Investments in Energy-Intensive Digital Currencies | 253 | ||
| Digital Token Investments | 254 | ||
| Conclusion | 255 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 256 | ||
| 12 SDG Challenges in G20 Countries | 257 | ||
| Introduction | 257 | ||
| The SDGs as Problem-Solving Tools for Transformative Actions and Policies | 267 | ||
| Long-Term Planning and Back-Casting | 268 | ||
| Data and Monitoring | 269 | ||
| Financing | 270 | ||
| Technology Missions | 271 | ||
| Conclusion | 272 | ||
| 13 The Future-Fit Business Benchmark: Flourishing Business in a Truly Sustainable Future | 273 | ||
| Introduction | 273 | ||
| The Journey Ahead | 274 | ||
| The World We Want | 274 | ||
| The World We Have (and How We Got Here) | 274 | ||
| The World We Can Create | 276 | ||
| Why a Systems View Is Good for Business | 278 | ||
| A Star to Steer By | 281 | ||
| Current Assessment Methods Are Flawed | 281 | ||
| Starting with the End in Mind | 282 | ||
| How Much Is Enough? | 282 | ||
| A Holistic View of Future-Fitness | 283 | ||
| A Practical Tool | 284 | ||
| Future-Fit Break-Even Goals | 284 | ||
| Future-Fit Positive Pursuits | 286 | ||
| Engaging Stakeholders More Effectively | 288 | ||
| Conclusion | 289 | ||
| 14 Financing for Youth Entrepreneurship in Sustainable Development | 291 | ||
| The Role of Young Entrepreneurs in Sustainable Development | 291 | ||
| The Needs of Young Entrepreneurs Working on the SDGs | 292 | ||
| Barriers to Innovation and Scale | 292 | ||
| Supporting Young Entrepreneurs Working on the SDGs | 295 | ||
| The Financing Options Available to Young Entrepreneurs Working on the SDGs | 296 | ||
| Sources and Instruments of Finance for Young Entrepreneurs | 297 | ||
| Bridging the Gap Between Young Entrepreneurs and the SDGs | 300 | ||
| Sectoral Coverage | 300 | ||
| Geographical Coverage | 302 | ||
| Beyond Banks: Alternative Financial Structures for Youth-oriented Sustainable Development Initiatives | 304 | ||
| Prioritising Financial Interventions for Youth Entrepreneurs and the SDGs | 305 | ||
| Non-financial Services | 306 | ||
| Developing a Robust Investment Pipeline | 308 | ||
| Designing Youth-focused Funding Vehicles for the SDGs | 309 | ||
| 15 Transparency in the Supply Chain | 313 | ||
| Introduction | 313 | ||
| Supplier prequalification tools | 317 | ||
| Emerging Technology in Supply Chains | 319 | ||
| The diamond industry | 320 | ||
| Summary | 322 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 322 | ||
| Part IV Facilitating the SDGs by Legal Infrastructure Reform | 323 | ||
| 16 Facilitating Sustainable Development Goal 8 by Legal Reform Measures | 325 | ||
| Introduction | 325 | ||
| Contextual Issues | 326 | ||
| Legal Traditions | 326 | ||
| Regulators and Policymakers | 327 | ||
| Implementation Problems | 328 | ||
| Capital Formation for Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises | 329 | ||
| Meta-Strategy: The Promise of e-Government | 329 | ||
| The SDGs and Domestic Policy Formation | 330 | ||
| Facilitating SDG 8 by Law Reform | 331 | ||
| Hong Kong | 331 | ||
| Fundraising Law in Hong Kong: A Brief Overview | 332 | ||
| Safe Harbours in the 17th Schedule of CWUMPO | 333 | ||
| ECF and P2PL in Hong Kong | 334 | ||
| Supporting FinTech and MSME Fundraising Solutions in Papua New Guinea | 335 | ||
| Survey of Papua New Guinea Legislation | 335 | ||
| Offers Excluded from the Prospectus Requirements: CMA, Schedule 6 | 336 | ||
| Issues Excluded from the Prospectus Requirements: CMA, Schedule 7 | 337 | ||
| Securities Commission Power to Amend Schedules: CMA, Section 470 | 337 | ||
| Legal Reform Opportunities for ECF and P2PL in PNG | 337 | ||
| Conclusion | 338 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 340 | ||
| 17 Facilitating SDGs by Tax System Reform | 341 | ||
| Introduction | 341 | ||
| Sustainable Development Goals | 342 | ||
| Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being | 342 | ||
| Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth | 342 | ||
| Goal 10: Reduce Inequality within and among Countries | 343 | ||
| Goal 12: Ensure Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns | 345 | ||
| Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions | 346 | ||
| Goal 17: Strengthen the Means of Implementation and Revitalize Global Partnership for Sustainable Development | 347 | ||
| A Wider Picture of Development | 348 | ||
| Taxes and Economic Development | 348 | ||
| Tax Effort | 349 | ||
| Taxes and Spending | 350 | ||
| Taxes and Technology | 351 | ||
| Blockchain | 351 | ||
| Artificial Intelligence | 352 | ||
| Tax Law Reform | 352 | ||
| Recent Developments | 354 | ||
| Conclusion | 354 | ||
| 18 Facilitating the SDGs by Competition and Consumer Law and Policy Reform: Aspirations and Challenges in Papua New Guinea | 355 | ||
| Introduction | 355 | ||
| Proposed PNG Competition and Consumer Reforms and SDGs | 356 | ||
| Tailoring Law and Policy to the Particular Needs and Circumstances of PNG | 358 | ||
| Removing Statutory and Regulatory Barriers to Entry | 360 | ||
| Designing Competition Rules That Are Practical and Avoid Excessive Technicality | 362 | ||
| Harnessing Consumer Protection Laws to Protect and Promote Small Business | 365 | ||
| Using Enforcement Mechanisms That Have Some Chance of Working in PNG | 367 | ||
| Conclusion | 369 | ||
| Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015 | 371 | ||
| Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development | 371 | ||
| Preamble | 371 | ||
| People | 372 | ||
| Declaration | 373 | ||
| Introduction | 373 | ||
| Our vision | 374 | ||
| Our shared principles and commitments | 374 | ||
| Our world today | 375 | ||
| The new Agenda | 377 | ||
| Means of implementation | 382 | ||
| Follow-up and review | 384 | ||
| A call for action to change our world | 385 | ||
| Sustainable Development Goals and targets | 385 | ||
| Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere | 387 | ||
| Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture | 388 | ||
| Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages | 389 | ||
| Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all | 390 | ||
| Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls | 391 | ||
| Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all | 392 | ||
| Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all | 392 | ||
| Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all | 393 | ||
| Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation | 394 | ||
| Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries | 395 | ||
| Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable | 395 | ||
| Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns | 396 | ||
| Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts | 397 | ||
| Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development | 398 | ||
| Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss | 399 | ||
| Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels | 400 | ||
| Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development | 401 | ||
| Finance | 401 | ||
| Technology | 401 | ||
| Capacity-building | 402 | ||
| Trade | 402 | ||
| Systemic issues | 402 | ||
| Means of implementation and the Global Partnership | 403 | ||
| Follow-up and review | 407 | ||
| National level | 409 | ||
| Regional level | 410 | ||
| Global level | 410 | ||
| Index | 413 | ||
| EULA | 431 |
