Practical C++ Design - From Programming to Architecture

von: Adam B. Singer

Apress, 2017

ISBN: 9781484230572

Sprache: Englisch

257 Seiten, Download: 2928 KB

Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen

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Practical C++ Design - From Programming to Architecture

	Table of Contents	5
	About the Author	11
	About the Technical Reviewer	12
	Preface	13
	Chapter 1: Defining the Case Study	19
	1.1 A Brief Introduction	19
	1.2 A Few Words About Requirements	20
	1.3 Reverse Polish Notation	21
	1.4 The Calculator’s Requirements	23
	1.5 The Source Code	24
	Chapter 2: Decomposition	26
	2.1 The Elements of a Good Decomposition	27
	2.2 Selecting an Architecture	29
	2.2.1 Multi-Tiered Architecture	29
	2.2.2 Model-View-Controller (MVC) Architecture	31
	2.2.3 Architectural Patterns Applied to the Calculator	32
	2.2.4 Choosing the Calculator’s Architecture	33
	2.3 Interfaces	34
	2.3.1 Calculator Use Cases	35
	2.3.1.1 Use Case: User Enters a Floating Point Number onto the Stack	35
	2.3.1.2 Use Case: User Undoes Last Operation	35
	2.3.1.3 Use Case: User Redoes Last Operation	35
	2.3.1.4 Use Case: User Swaps Top Stack Elements	35
	2.3.1.5 Use Case: User Drops the Top Stack Element	36
	2.3.1.6 Use Case: User Clears the Stack	36
	2.3.1.7 Use Case: User Duplicates the Top Stack Element	36
	2.3.1.8 Use Case: User Negates the Top Stack Element	36
	2.3.1.9 Use Case: User Performs an Arithmetic Operation	36
	2.3.1.10 Use Case: User Performs a Trigonometric Operation	37
	2.3.1.11 Use Case: User Performs yx	37
	2.3.1.12 Use Case: User Performs	37
	2.3.1.13 Use Case: User Loads a Plugin	37
	2.3.2 Analysis of Use Cases	38
	2.3.3 A Quick Note on Actual Implementation	44
	2.4 Assessment of Our Current Design	45
	2.5 Next Steps	45
	Chapter 3: The Stack	47
	3.1 Decomposition of the Stack Module	47
	3.2 The Stack Class	50
	3.2.1 The Singleton Pattern	50
	3.2.2 The Stack Module as a Singleton Class	52
	3.2.2.1 The Pimpl Idiom	54
	3.3 Adding Events	56
	3.3.1 The Observer Pattern	57
	3.3.1.1 Enhancing the Observer Pattern Implementation	58
	3.3.1.2 Handling Event Data	63
	3.3.2 The Stack as an Event Publisher	68
	3.3.3 The Complete Stack Interface	69
	3.4 A Quick Note on Testing	70
	Chapter 4: The Command Dispatcher	72
	4.1 Decomposition of the Command Dispatcher	72
	4.2 The Command Class	73
	4.2.1 The Command Pattern	73
	4.2.2 More on Implementing Undo/Redo	74
	4.2.3 The Command Pattern Applied to the Calculator	76
	4.2.3.1 The Command Interface	76
	4.2.3.2 The Undo Strategy	85
	4.2.3.3 Concrete Commands	90
	4.2.3.4 An Alternative to Deep Command Hierarchies	91
	4.3 The Command Repository	96
	4.3.1 The CommandRepository Class	96
	4.3.2 Registering Core Commands	102
	4.4 The Command Manager	103
	4.4.1 The Interface	103
	4.4.2 Implementing Undo and Redo	104
	4.5 The Command Dispatcher	106
	4.5.1 The Interface	107
	4.5.2 Implementation Details	108
	4.6 Revisiting Earlier Decisions	110
	Chapter 5: The Command Line Interface	112
	5.1 The User Interface Abstraction	112
	5.1.1 The Abstract Interface	113
	5.1.2 User Interface Events	116
	5.1.2.1 Command Data	117
	5.1.2.2 User Interface Observers	118
	5.2 The Concrete CLI Class	120
	5.2.1 Requirements	120
	5.2.2 The CLI Design	122
	5.2.2.1 The Interface	122
	5.2.2.2 The Implementation	123
	5.3 Tying It Together: A Working Program	127
	Chapter 6: The Graphical User Interface	129
	6.1 Requirements	129
	6.2 Building GUIs	132
	6.2.1 Building GUIs in IDEs	133
	6.2.2 Building GUIs in Code	134
	6.2.3 Which GUI Building Method Is Better?	135
	6.3 Modularization	136
	6.3.1 The CommandButton Abstraction	136
	6.3.2 The CommandButton Design	137
	6.3.3 The CommandButton Interface	141
	6.3.4 Getting Input	143
	6.3.5 The Design of the InputWidget	143
	6.3.6 The Interface of the InputWidget	145
	6.4 The Display	146
	6.4.1 The Design of the Display Class	148
	6.4.2 A Poor Design	148
	6.4.3 An Improved Display Design	149
	6.5 The Model	150
	6.6 The Display Redux	152
	6.7 Tying It Together: The Main Window	153
	6.8 Look-and-Feel	155
	6.9 A Working Program	156
	6.10 A Microsoft Windows Build Note	158
	Chapter 7: Plugins	159
	7.1 What Is a Plugin?	159
	7.1.1 Rules for C++ Plugins	160
	7.2 Problem 1: The Plugin Interface	163
	7.2.1 The Interface for Discovering Commands	163
	7.2.2 The Interface for Adding New GUI Buttons	168
	7.2.3 Plugin Allocation and Deallocation	170
	7.2.4 The Plugin Command Interface	170
	7.2.5 API Versioning	173
	7.2.6 Making the Stack Available	174
	7.3 Problem 2: Loading Plugins	175
	7.3.1 Platform-Specific Plugin Loading	176
	7.3.2 Loading, Using, and Closing a Shared Library	176
	7.3.3 A Design for Multi-Platform Code	178
	7.3.3.1 The Obvious Solution: Libraries	179
	7.3.3.2 Raw Preprocessor Directives	179
	7.3.3.3 (Slightly) More Clever Preprocessor Directives	180
	7.3.3.4 A Build System Solution	181
	7.3.3.5 A Platform Factory Function	182
	7.3.3.6 An Abstract Factory for Generalized Platform Independent Code	186
	7.4 Problem 3: Retrofitting pdCalc	191
	7.4.1 Module Interfaces	192
	7.4.1.1 Source Code Hiding	192
	7.4.1.2 DLL Hiding	193
	7.4.1.3 Implicit or Documentation Hiding	195
	7.4.1.4 Module Design for pdCalc	195
	7.4.2 Adding Plugin Buttons to the GUI	196
	7.5 Incorporating Plugins	197
	7.5.1 Loading Plugins	198
	7.5.2 Injecting Functionality	199
	7.6 A Concrete Plugin	201
	7.6.1 Plugin Interface	201
	7.6.2 Source Code Dependency Inversion	203
	7.6.3 Implementing HyperbolicLnPlugin’s Functionality	204
	7.7 Next Steps	207
	Chapter 8: New Requirements	208
	8.1 Fully Designed New Features	208
	8.1.1 Batch Operation	209
	8.1.2 Stored Procedures	210
	8.1.2.1 The User Interface	212
	8.1.2.2 Changes to the Command Dispatcher	213
	8.1.2.3 Designing the StoredProcedure Class	217
	8.1.2.4 The Composite Pattern	218
	8.1.2.5 A First Attempt	219
	8.1.2.6 A Final Design for the StoredProcedure Class	221
	8.2 Designs Toward a More Useful Calculator	224
	8.2.1 Complex Numbers	224
	8.2.1.1 Modifying Input and Output	225
	8.2.1.2 Modifying the Stack	227
	8.2.1.3 Modifying Commands	229
	8.2.2 Variables	229
	8.2.2.1 Input and New Commands	230
	8.2.2.2 Number Representation and the Stack	231
	8.2.2.3 The Symbol Table	232
	8.2.2.4 A Trivial Extension: Numeric Constants	233
	8.2.2.5 Functionality Enabled by Variables	233
	8.3 Some Interesting Extensions for Self-Exploration	234
	8.3.1 High DPI Scaling	234
	8.3.2 Dynamic Skinning	234
	8.3.3 Flow Control	235
	8.3.4 An Alternative GUI Layout	235
	8.3.5 A Graphing Calculator	235
	8.3.6 A Plugin Management System	236
	8.3.7 A Mobile Device Interface	236
	Appendix A: Acquiring, Building, and Executing pdCalc	237
	A.1 Getting the Source Code	237
	A.2 Dependencies	237
	A.3 Building pdCalc	238
	A.3.1 Using Qt Creator	239
	A.3.2 Using the Command Line	240
	A.4 Executing pdCalc	241
	A.4.1 Using Qt Creator	241
	A.4.2 Using the Command Line	241
	A.5 Troubleshooting	242
	Appendix B: Organization of the Source Code	245
	B.1 The src Directory	245
	B.1.1 The pdCalc Directory	245
	B.1.2 The pdCalc-simple-cli Directory	246
	B.1.3 The pdCalc-simple-gui Directory	246
	B.1.4 The utilities Directory	246
	B.1.5 The backend Directory	246
	B.1.6 The cli Directory	247
	B.1.7 The gui Directory	248
	B.1.8 The plugins Directory	248
	B.2 The test Directory	248
	B.2.1 The testDriver Directory	249
	B.2.2 The utilitiesTest Directory	249
	B.2.3 The backendTest Directory	249
	B.2.4 The cliTest Directory	250
	B.2.5 The guiTest Directory	250
	B.2.6 The pluginsTest Directory	250
	References	251
	Index	254

Practical C++ Design - From Programming to Architecture

von: Adam B. Singer

Practical C++ Design - From Programming to Architecture

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